2.4 メタ認知過程

    　問題解決過程にメタ認知過程を含める考え方が，ここしばらくの間，一部に定着してきている(註)。メタ認知論は，（メタ認知の存在身分の言及が必要になる）問題解決機制論においてほころびを呈するが，（存在身分の言及を無しで済ませることのできる）問題解決過程論においては，一応安全な論考でいられる。

    　例えば，つぎのような言い方をしている間は大丈夫である：

    In any kind of cognitive transaction with the human or nonhuman environment, a variety of information processing activities may go on. Metacognition refers, among otherthings, to the active monitoring and consequent regulation and orchestration of these processes in relation to the cognitive objects or data on which they bear, usually in the service of some concrete goal or objective.
    (Flavell,1976,p.232)

    Goal analysis can be viewed as an attempt to reformulate the problem so that familiar strategies and techniques can be used.
    (Lester,1978,p.80)


    （註） メタ認知を発想する理由は，つぎのようである：

    Procedures and solution evaluation may be viewed as a process of seeking answers to certain questions as the problem solver works on a problem.
    (Lester,1978,p.81)